Designing a wine cellar, tasting room, or wine bar can be very exciting, but there are definitely some technical decisions that will need to be made. One of the main decisions that you will need to make is choosing an appropriate cooling system. Below are a few notes that will shed some light on what those options are.
1. Go Underground- If you are lucky enough to live in an area where basements and underground access are the norm than you are in luck! A basement is an ideal place to house a wine cellar because humidity and temperature levels stay fairly constant. In many instances there is no need for a cooling system at all and if there is it would take very little energy to maintain the proper conditions that are required. For these reasons this is a very environmentally friendly way to go.
2. Self-Contained Unit- Similar to an AC unit that fits through a window, a Self-Contained Unit fits in the wall and vents into a space or room on the other side. Some key points about using a Self-Contained Unit are (1.) You will need to mount it within 18" of the ceiling and (2.) It usually has a protrusion of 14-20" into the cellar. Also, you will need to make sure that the area on the other side of the wall is twice the size of the cellar. This will ensure proper ventilation. Of course, you want to make sure that there are no obstructions of any kind in front of the unit.
3. Ductless Split System- This type of unit also sits inside the cellar, but vents to an inside or outside condenser unit. This is a great cooling system to choose when there isn't a sufficient location for the vent of a Self-Contained Unit (listed above) There are three components to a Ductless Split System:
1. Evaporator- This is mounted on the wall within 12" of the ceiling. A great location is usually right above the door jam depending on proper conditions.
2. Line Set- This is what connects the unit in the cellar to the condenser located elsewhere. It can be located outside or in a storage area, but like the Self-Contained Unit the space needs to be twice the size of the cellar for proper ventilation.
3. Condenser- You will need about 2 1/2' x 2 1/2' minimum space for your condenser. Usually line sets only have 55'-100' in length so keep this in mind when selecting a location for your condenser. Also, when multiple bends are required it will reduce the length of your line set.
4. Ducted Split System- You can think of a ducted split system very much like your household central AC system. This is the cleanest and most aesthetically pleasing method for cooling your wine cellar, but it also is best used in new construction or when converting unfinished basements. You will need the services of an HVAC professional as it will need to be designed into the frame and foundation of the room itself.